The differences between Linux and windows are chalk and cheese in respect to how the two operating systems are put together. While the end result of putting together these operating systems are pretty much the same functionality. It is the way they are put together which ultimately determines the true underlying nature of these layers between man and machine.

As I stated in the title. If you consider an operating system in chemistry terms you could say that every operating system can be broken down into discrete elements. Those elements, ie kernel, io subsystem, file system, windowing system, etc, etc, are combined to work together to form a whole.

Linux is formed as a mixture. All of those discrete elements are combined together to form an operating system. Windows is formed as a compound. Some examples of compounds are, water, cheese, sugar, salt, acid, rust and plastics. Like windows you see these compounds everywhere you look.

rest here